Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic: Chloramphenicol effectively inhibits bacterial growth, offering a wide range of antibacterial activity against various pathogens.
Solubility and Storage: It dissolves easily in methanol, alcohol, acetone, and ethyl acetate, while being stable in neutral or weakly acidic solutions, enhancing its usability in formulations.
Natural and Synthetic Forms: The natural L-isomer (levomycin) is more effective, while synthetic chloramphenicol contains a mix of isomers, with only half the efficacy of the natural form.
Versatile Clinical Application: Chloramphenicol’s broad spectrum and stability make it useful in treating various bacterial infections, though it must be stored in dark, inert conditions for optimal potency.
Chloramphenicol, also known as levomycin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces chlorinus that inhibits bacterial growth. The natural form of chloramphenicol is the L-isomer (levomycin), while synthetic chloramphenicol appears as white or slightly yellow needle-like or flaky crystals. It is odorless, extremely bitter, and slightly soluble in water, ether, and chloroform, but easily dissolves in methanol, alcohol, acetone, and ethyl acetate. It is insoluble in benzene and petroleum ether.
Chloramphenicol remains stable in neutral or weakly acidic aqueous solutions but loses effectiveness when exposed to alkali. Synthetic chloramphenicol is a racemic mixture containing both the L- and D-isomers. As the D-isomer has no antibacterial activity, the efficacy of synthetic chloramphenicol is only half that of the natural product.
Parameters
| Melting point | 148-150 °C(lit.) |
| alpha | 19.5 º (c=6, EtOH) |
| Boiling point | 644.9±55.0 °C(Predicted) |
| density | 1.6682 (rough estimate) |
| refractive index | 20 ° (C=5, EtOH) |
| Fp | 14 °C |
| storage temp. | Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,2-8°C |
| solubility | absolute ethanol: soluble5-20mg/mL (as a stock solution) |
| form | powder |
| pka | 11.03±0.46(Predicted) |
| color | white |
| Water Solubility | 2.5 g/L (25 º C) |
| Merck | 142077 |
| BRN | 2225532 |
| BCS Class | 3 |
| InChIKey | WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N |
| LogP | 1.14 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 56-75-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Chloramphenicol(56-75-7) |
| IARC | 2A (Vol. Sup 7, 50) 1990 |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Chloramphenicol (56-75-7) |
| Safety Information | |
| Hazard Codes | T,F |
| Risk Statements | 45-11-39/23/24/25-23/24/25 |
| Safety Statements | 53-45-16-36/37 |
| RIDADR | 2811 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | AB6825000 |
| F | 45726 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HazardClass | 3 |
| HazardClass | IRRITANT |
| HS Code | 29414000 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 56-75-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
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