Broad-Spectrum Antifungal Action: Ketoconazole effectively treats both superficial and systemic fungal infections by inhibiting fungal cytochrome P-450, disrupting ergosterol synthesis in cell membranes.
Prevents Fungal Growth and Spore Formation: It halts fungal infection by inhibiting growth and preventing spores from turning into mycelium, stopping further spread of infection.
Bacterial Inhibition: At low concentrations, ketoconazole inhibits bacterial growth, while at high concentrations, it can kill bacteria, broadening its antimicrobial effectiveness.
Wide Clinical Use: Ketoconazole is effective against various fungi (e.g., Candida, Histoplasma) and is used to treat conditions like tinea and skin candidiasis.
Ketoconazole is a broad-spectrum imidazole antifungal drug, sold under the brand names Jindaconin, Mikangling, and Kening. It selectively inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450, disrupting ergosterol synthesis in cell membranes. This makes it effective against both superficial and systemic fungal infections. Ketoconazole not only inhibits fungal growth but also prevents spores from turning into mycelium, halting further infection.
At low concentrations, it inhibits bacteria, while at high concentrations, it kills them. It is effective against Candida, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Sporothrix, and Trichophyton. Clinically, it treats conditions like tinea manuum, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, thrush, and skin candidiasis.
Parameters
| Melting point | 148-152 °C |
| Boiling point | 753.4±60.0 °C(Predicted) |
| density | 1.4046 (rough estimate) |
| refractive index | -10.5 ° (C=0.4, CHCl3) |
| Fp | 9℃ |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | methanol: soluble50mg/mL |
| pka | pKa 3.25/6.22(H2O,t =25,I=0.025) (Uncertain) |
| form | Off-white solid |
| color | white to light yellow |
| optical activity | [α]20/D -1 to 1°, c = 4 in methanol |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in DMSO, ethanol, chloroform, water, and methanol. |
| Merck | 145302 |
| BCS Class | 2 |
| Stability: | Stable for 2 years from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO or ethanol may be stored at -20°C for up to 3 months. |
| InChIKey | XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N |
| LogP | 4.35 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 65277-42-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| Safety Information | |
| Hazard Codes | T,N,F |
| Risk Statements | 25-36/37/38-23/24/25-50/53-48/22-60-39/23/24/25-11 |
| Safety Statements | 36-45-36/37/39-26-61-60-53-36/37-16-7 |
| RIDADR | UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | TK7912300 |
| HazardClass | 6.1(b) |
| PackingGroup | III |
| HS Code | 29349990 |
| Hazardous Substances Data | 65277-42-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Toxicity | LD50 in mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs (mg/kg): 44, 86, 28, 49 i.v.; 702, 227, 202, 780 orally (Heel) |
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